{"id":80,"date":"2026-04-20T22:38:32","date_gmt":"2026-04-20T14:38:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bojinhu.xyz\/?p=80"},"modified":"2026-04-22T12:18:31","modified_gmt":"2026-04-22T04:18:31","slug":"linux-%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e7%9b%ae%e5%bd%95%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bojinhu.xyz\/index.php\/2026\/04\/20\/linux-%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e7%9b%ae%e5%bd%95%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u76ee\u5f55\u7b14\u8bb0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u4e00\u3001Linux \u76ee\u5f55\u6811\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u90fd\u4ece\u6839\u76ee\u5f55 \/<\/code> \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5012\u6302\u7684\u6811\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4e0e Windows \u7684\u201c\u76d8\u7b26\u201d\uff08C:\u3001D:\uff09\u4e0d\u540c\uff0cLinux \u91cc\u4e00\u5207\u7686\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong>\uff0c\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u5185\u6838\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u4ee5\u6587\u4ef6\u5f62\u5f0f\u6302\u8f7d\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5bf9\u6211\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u76ee\u5f55\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u62ff\u5230\u4e00\u53f0\u65b0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4e0d\u7528\u95ee\u522b\u4eba\u4e5f\u80fd\u5feb\u901f\u627e\u5230\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b89\u88c5\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u660e\u767d\u5404\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u7528\u9014\u540e\uff0c\u5907\u4efd\u548c\u6e05\u7406\u78c1\u76d8\u65f6\u4e5f\u80fd\u5fc3\u4e2d\u6709\u6570\u2014\u2014\u77e5\u9053\u54ea\u4e9b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e71\u52a8\uff0c\u54ea\u4e9b\u76ee\u5f55\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u5fc3\u5220\u7f13\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u6838\u5fc3\u539f\u5219\uff1aLinux \u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u9075\u5faa FHS\uff08Filesystem Hierarchy Standard\uff09<\/strong> \u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u53d1\u884c\u7248\uff08Ubuntu\u3001CentOS\u3001Debian\uff09\u90fd\u57fa\u672c\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u6839\u76ee\u5f55 \/<\/code> \u4e0e\u4e00\u7ea7\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u6982\u89c8<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u6839\u76ee\u5f55 \/<\/code> \u4e0b\u6302\u8f7d\u7740\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6709\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\/     # \u6839\u76ee\u5f55\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 etc      # \u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 usr      # \u7528\u6237\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0e\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 bin      # \u57fa\u7840\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u5b9e\u9645\u94fe\u63a5\u5230 \/usr\/bin\uff09\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 sbin     # \u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u5b9e\u9645\u94fe\u63a5\u5230 \/usr\/sbin\uff09\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 home     # \u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 root     # \u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 var      # \u53d8\u5316\u6570\u636e\uff08\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u7f13\u5b58\uff09\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 tmp      # \u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 opt      # \u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u8f6f\u4ef6\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 dev      # \u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 proc     # \u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0e\u5185\u6838\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u865a\u62df\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 sys      # \u5185\u6838\u4e0e\u786c\u4ef6\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u865a\u62df\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 mnt      # \u624b\u52a8\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 media    # \u81ea\u52a8\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\uff08\u5149\u76d8\u3001U\u76d8\uff09\n\u2514\u2500\u2500 boot     # \u5f15\u5bfc\u6587\u4ef6<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u67e5\u770b\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 ls -l \/<\/code> \u6216 tree \/<\/code>\uff08\u9700\u5b89\u88c5 tree \u5305\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u73b0\u4ee3 Linux \u53d1\u884c\u7248\u4e2d\uff0c\/bin<\/code>\u3001\/sbin<\/code>\u3001\/lib<\/code> \u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6307\u5411 \/usr\/bin<\/code>\u3001\/usr\/sbin<\/code>\u3001\/usr\/lib<\/code> \u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u7b80\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e03\u5c40\uff0c\u4f46\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
\u4e09\u3001\u5404\u76ee\u5f55\u8be6\u89e3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
1. \/etc<\/code> \u2014 \u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\/etc<\/code> \u5b58\u653e\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong>\u3002\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u914d\u7f6e\u90fd\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u542f\u670d\u52a1\u6216\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u91cd\u8981\u5b50\u6587\u4ef6\/\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8def\u5f84<\/th>\u8bf4\u660e<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\/etc\/skel\/<\/code><\/td>\u65b0\u5efa\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u65f6\uff0c\u590d\u5236\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u5bb9\u5230\u7528\u6237\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u4f5c\u4e3a\u521d\u59cb\u914d\u7f6e\uff08\u5982 .bashrc<\/code>\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
\/etc\/profile<\/code><\/td>\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7 shell \u542f\u52a8\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/td><\/tr>
\/etc\/bashrc<\/code><\/td>\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7 bash \u914d\u7f6e\uff08\u90e8\u5206\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u53eb \/etc\/bash.bashrc<\/code>\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
\/etc\/profile.d\/<\/code><\/td>\u5b58\u653e\u72ec\u7acb\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u767b\u5f55 shell \u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u6267\u884c\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684 .sh<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6<\/td><\/tr>
\/etc\/ssh\/<\/code><\/td>SSH \u670d\u52a1\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55\uff08sshd_config<\/code>\u3001ssh_config<\/code>\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
\/etc\/passwd<\/code><\/td>\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u6bcf\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u4e0d\u542b\u5bc6\u7801<\/td><\/tr>
\/etc\/shadow<\/code><\/td>\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u54c8\u5e0c\uff08\u53ea\u6709 root \u53ef\u8bfb\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
\/etc\/group<\/code><\/td>\u7ec4\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/td><\/tr>
\/etc\/gshadow<\/code><\/td>\u7ec4\u5bc6\u7801\u548c\u7ec4\u5b89\u5168\u4fe1\u606f<\/td><\/tr>
\/etc\/fstab<\/code><\/td>\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6302\u8f7d\u8868\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u5f00\u673a\u81ea\u52a8\u6302\u8f7d\u7684\u5206\u533a<\/td><\/tr>
\/etc\/hostname<\/code><\/td>\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u914d\u7f6e<\/td><\/tr>
\/etc\/hosts<\/code><\/td>\u9759\u6001\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u89e3\u6790\uff08\u7c7b\u4f3c DNS \u7684\u672c\u5730\u8bb0\u5f55\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
\/etc\/network\/<\/code> \u6216 \/etc\/sysconfig\/network-scripts\/<\/code><\/td>\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u914d\u7f6e<\/td><\/tr>
\/etc\/apt\/<\/code>\uff08Debian\/Ubuntu\uff09\u6216 \/etc\/yum.repos.d\/<\/code>\uff08CentOS\uff09<\/td>\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6e90\u914d\u7f6e<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\uff1a\u5343\u4e07\u4e0d\u8981\u968f\u610f\u4fee\u6539 \/etc\/passwd<\/code> \u6216 \/etc\/shadow<\/code> \u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u65e0\u6cd5\u767b\u5f55\u3002\u5907\u4efd\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u4e2a\u597d\u4e60\u60ef\uff1acp \/etc\/xxx \/etc\/xxx.bak<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
2. \/home<\/code> \u2014 \u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\u6bcf\u4e2a\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u5728 \/home<\/code> \u4e0b\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u540c\u540d\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 \/home\/alice<\/code>\u3002\u7528\u6237\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6587\u6863\u3001\u4ee3\u7801\u3001\u4e0b\u8f7d\u3001\u684c\u9762\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u4ee5 .<\/code> \u5f00\u5934\u7684\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\u90fd\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\/home\/\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 alice\/\n\u2502   \u251c\u2500\u2500 .bashrc\n\u2502   \u251c\u2500\u2500 .ssh\/\n\u2502   \u2514\u2500\u2500 Documents\/\n\u2514\u2500\u2500 bob\/\n    \u2514\u2500\u2500 ...<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e60\u60ef\uff1a\u5907\u4efd\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5907\u4efd \/home<\/code> \u76ee\u5f55\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca \/etc<\/code> \u91cc\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\uff09\u3002\u91cd\u88c5\u7cfb\u7edf\u540e\uff0c\u628a\u5907\u4efd\u89e3\u538b\u56de\u53bb\u5c31\u80fd\u6062\u590d\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
3. \/root<\/code> \u2014 \u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7684\u5bb6<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
root \u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u5728 \/home\/root<\/code><\/strong>\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u6839\u4e0b \/root<\/code>\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u5b89\u5168\u8003\u8651\uff1a\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u9ed8\u8ba4\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee \/root<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo ls -la \/root<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
4. \/usr<\/code> \u2014 \u7528\u6237\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\/usr<\/code> \u662f\u53ea\u8bfb\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e<\/strong>\uff0c\u5b58\u653e\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7528\u6237\u547d\u4ee4\u3001\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u6587\u6863\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b58\u50a8\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8def\u5f84<\/th>\u8bf4\u660e<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\/usr\/bin<\/code><\/td>\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08\u5982 ls<\/code>\u3001grep<\/code>\u3001vim<\/code>\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
\/usr\/sbin<\/code><\/td>\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u5982 fdisk<\/code>\u3001systemctl<\/code>\uff09\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u6267\u884c<\/td><\/tr>
\/usr\/local<\/code><\/td>\u672c\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u624b\u52a8\u7f16\u8bd1\u6216\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8def\u5f84\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u9ad8\uff0c\u5168\u5c40\u53ef\u7528<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
\/usr\/lib<\/code><\/td>\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u7c7b\u4f3c Windows \u7684 DLL\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
\/usr\/share<\/code><\/td>\u67b6\u6784\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\uff1aman \u624b\u518c\u3001\u5b57\u4f53\u3001\u56fe\u6807\u3001\u65f6\u533a\u4fe1\u606f\u7b49<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e60\u60ef\uff1a\u81ea\u5df1\u7f16\u8bd1\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e00\u5f8b\u653e\u5230 \/usr\/local<\/code> \u4e0b\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u5378\u8f7d\u3002\u901a\u8fc7 --prefix=\/usr\/local<\/code> \u6307\u5b9a\u5b89\u88c5\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
\u8e29\u5751\u8bb0\u5f55<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e0d\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u5220\u9664 \/usr\/bin<\/code> \u6216 \/usr\/lib<\/code> \u91cc\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u5d29\u6e83\u3002\u5378\u8f7d\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5e94\u8be5\u7528\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\uff08apt remove<\/code>\u3001yum remove<\/code>\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
5. \/var<\/code> \u2014 \u53d8\u5316\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\/var<\/code> \u5b58\u653e\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316<\/strong>\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u7f13\u5b58\u3001\u961f\u5217\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u6253\u5370\u961f\u5217\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8def\u5f84<\/th>\u8bf4\u660e<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\/var\/log<\/code><\/td>\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u5982 syslog<\/code>\u3001auth.log<\/code>\u3001nginx\/<\/code>\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
\/var\/cache<\/code><\/td>\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7f13\u5b58\uff08\u5982 apt \u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u7f13\u5b58\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
\/var\/tmp<\/code><\/td>\u6bd4 \/tmp<\/code> \u66f4\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cd\u542f\u540e\u4e0d\u4f1a<\/strong>\u81ea\u52a8\u6e05\u7406<\/td><\/tr>
\/var\/lib<\/code><\/td>\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5982\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u3001docker \u955c\u50cf\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
\/var\/mail<\/code><\/td>\u7528\u6237\u90ae\u4ef6\u961f\u5217<\/td><\/tr>
\/var\/run<\/code><\/td>\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b PID \u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u6709\u4e9b\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u653e\u5728 \/run<\/code>\uff09<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u8e29\u5751\u8bb0\u5f55<\/strong>\uff1a\/var\/log<\/code> \u5982\u679c\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u6e05\u7406\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u65e5\u5fd7\u6491\u7206\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u914d\u7f6e logrotate<\/code> \u81ea\u52a8\u8f6e\u8f6c\u3002\u6211\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6708\u8dd1\u4e00\u6b21 du -sh \/var\/log\/*<\/code> \u68c0\u67e5\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
6. \/tmp<\/code> \u2014 \u4e34\u65f6\u5783\u573e\u533a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u53ef\u8bfb\u5199\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u653e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u91cd\u542f\u540e\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u88ab\u6e05\u7406<\/strong>\uff08\u6709\u4e9b\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u8bbe\u7f6e tmpfs\uff0c\u91cd\u542f\u5373\u5931\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# \u67e5\u770b \/tmp \u6302\u8f7d\u7c7b\u578b\ndf -h \/tmp<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u5b89\u5168\u63d0\u793a\uff1a\u4e0d\u8981\u5728 \/tmp<\/code> \u5b58\u653e\u654f\u611f\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4efb\u4f55\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u521b\u5efa\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528 mktemp<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
7. \/opt<\/code> \u2014 \u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5927\u578b\u8f6f\u4ef6<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\/opt<\/code> \u7528\u4e8e\u5b89\u88c5\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u3001\u5927\u578b\u7684\u3001\u72ec\u7acb\u7684<\/strong>\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u653e\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff08\u5982 \/opt\/google\/chrome<\/code>\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e0e \/usr\/local<\/code> \u7684\u533a\u522b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • \/usr\/local<\/code> \u901a\u5e38\u653e\u624b\u52a8\u7f16\u8bd1\u7684\u3001\u7b26\u5408\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c42\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5c0f\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \/opt<\/code> \u653e\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u5206\u53d1\u7684\u5927\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff08\u5982 Oracle JDK\u3001TeamViewer\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u81ea\u5e26\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4e0d\u5206\u6563\u5230 \/usr\/bin<\/code> \u7b49\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
    \n
    \u4e2a\u4eba\u4e60\u60ef\uff1a\u4ece\u5b98\u7f51\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7684 .tar.gz<\/code> \u89e3\u538b\u540e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u5168\u5c40\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u6211\u653e\u5728 \/opt\/\u8f6f\u4ef6\u540d<\/code>\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8f6f\u94fe \/opt\/\u8f6f\u4ef6\u540d\/bin<\/code> \u5230 \/usr\/local\/bin<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
    8. \/dev<\/code> \u2014 \u8bbe\u5907\u5165\u53e3<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    \/dev<\/code> \u5305\u542b\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong>\uff0cLinux \u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u4eec\u8bbf\u95ee\u786c\u4ef6\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6709\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6<\/th>\u8bf4\u660e<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
    \/dev\/sda<\/code><\/td>\u7b2c\u4e00\u5757 SCSI\/SATA \u786c\u76d8<\/td><\/tr>
    \/dev\/sda1<\/code><\/td>\u786c\u76d8\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u533a<\/td><\/tr>
    \/dev\/nvme0n1<\/code><\/td>NVMe \u56fa\u6001\u786c\u76d8<\/td><\/tr>
    \/dev\/tty<\/code><\/td>\u5f53\u524d\u7ec8\u7aef<\/td><\/tr>
    \/dev\/null<\/code><\/td>\u9ed1\u6d1e\uff0c\u5199\u5165\u5373\u4e22\u5f03<\/td><\/tr>
    \/dev\/random<\/code><\/td>\u968f\u673a\u6570\u751f\u6210\u5668<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    \u8e29\u5751\u8bb0\u5f55<\/strong>\uff1a\u76f4\u63a5\u8bfb\u5199 \/dev\/sda<\/code> \u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed5\u8fc7\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u64cd\u4f5c\u78c1\u76d8\uff0c\u4f46\u975e\u5e38\u5371\u9669\u3002\u4e0d\u5c0f\u5fc3\u6267\u884c dd if=\/dev\/zero of=\/dev\/sda<\/code> \u4f1a\u6e05\u7a7a\u6574\u4e2a\u786c\u76d8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    9. \/proc<\/code> \u548c \/sys<\/code> \u2014 \u5185\u6838\u4e0e\u786c\u4ef6\u865a\u62df\u7a97\u53e3<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    \u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u865a\u62df\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong>\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u5185\u6838\u548c\u786c\u4ef6\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • \/proc<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u5185\u6838\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u4f8b\u5982 \/proc\/cpuinfo<\/code> \u67e5\u770b CPU \u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\/proc\/meminfo<\/code> \u67e5\u770b\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\/proc\/<pid>\/<\/code> \u67e5\u770b\u67d0\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8be6\u60c5\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \/sys<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u66f4\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7684\u5185\u6838\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u9a71\u52a8\u3002\u4f8b\u5982 \/sys\/class\/net\/<\/code> \u67e5\u770b\u7f51\u5361\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
      cat \/proc\/version      # \u67e5\u770b\u5185\u6838\u7248\u672c\ncat \/proc\/uptime       # \u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\nls \/proc\/$$\/           # \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d shell \u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      \n
      \u4e2a\u4eba\u4e60\u60ef\uff1a\u5f53\u9700\u8981\u67e5 CPU \u578b\u53f7\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u5206\u533a\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u7b2c\u4e00\u53cd\u5e94\u662f\u53bb \/proc<\/code> \u548c \/sys<\/code> \u627e\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u88c5\u989d\u5916\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
      10. \/mnt<\/code> \u548c \/media<\/code> \u2014 \u6302\u8f7d\u70b9<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • \/mnt<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u624b\u52a8\u4e34\u65f6\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6302\u8f7d\u7f51\u7edc\u5171\u4eab\u3001ISO \u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5206\u533a\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \/media<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u81ea\u52a8\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u63d2\u5165 USB \u786c\u76d8\u3001\u5149\u76d8\u65f6\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u52a8\u6302\u8f7d\u5230\u6b64\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff08\u7531\u684c\u9762\u73af\u5883\u6216 udisks \u7ba1\u7406\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
        # \u624b\u52a8\u6302\u8f7d ISO \u5230 \/mnt\nsudo mount -o loop ubuntu.iso \/mnt<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
        11. \/boot<\/code> \u2014 \u5f15\u5bfc\u533a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
        \u5b58\u653e Linux \u5185\u6838\u3001initrd\uff08\u521d\u59cb RAM \u78c1\u76d8\uff09\u548c\u5f15\u5bfc\u52a0\u8f7d\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08GRUB\uff09\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        ls \/boot\/\n# vmlinuz-5.4.0-xx-generic   # \u5185\u6838\n# initrd.img-5.4.0-xx        # \u521d\u59cb\u5185\u5b58\u76d8\n# grub\/                       # GRUB \u914d\u7f6e\u76ee\u5f55<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
        \u56db\u3001\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u901f\u67e5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
        \u64cd\u4f5c<\/th>\u547d\u4ee4<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
        \u67e5\u770b\u76ee\u5f55\u6811<\/td>ls -R \/<\/code> \u6216 tree \/ -L 2<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
        \u67e5\u770b\u78c1\u76d8\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5<\/td>df -h<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
        \u67e5\u770b\u76ee\u5f55\u5927\u5c0f<\/td>du -sh \/var\/log<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
        \u67e5\u627e\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>find \/etc -name \"*.conf\"<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
        \u67e5\u770b\u67d0\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/td>which ls<\/code>\u3001whereis vim<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
        \u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7c7b\u578b<\/td>lsblk -f<\/code><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
        \u4e94\u3001\u4e2a\u4eba\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        1. \u6c38\u8fdc\u77e5\u9053\u4f60\u5728\u54ea\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55<\/strong>\uff1a\u6267\u884c pwd<\/code> \u786e\u8ba4\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f rm<\/code> \u4e4b\u524d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        2. \u5907\u4efd\u65f6\u4f18\u5148\u8003\u8651<\/strong>\uff1a\/etc<\/code>\uff08\u914d\u7f6e\uff09\u3001\/home<\/code>\uff08\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\uff09\u3001\/var\/lib<\/code>\uff08\u670d\u52a1\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5982\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        3. \u6e05\u7406\u7a7a\u95f4\u65f6\u5b89\u5168\u5220\u9664<\/strong>\uff1a\/var\/log\/*.log<\/code>\uff08\u65e7\u65e5\u5fd7\uff09\u3001\/tmp\/*<\/code>\u3001\/var\/cache\/apt\/archives\/*.deb<\/code>\uff08\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u5305\u7f13\u5b58\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        4. \u4e0d\u8981\u52a8\u7684\u76ee\u5f55<\/strong>\uff1a\/dev<\/code>\u3001\/proc<\/code>\u3001\/sys<\/code>\u3001\/boot<\/code>\uff08\u9664\u975e\u4f60\u77e5\u9053\u5728\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        5. \u65b0\u624b\u53cb\u597d\u63d0\u793a<\/strong>\uff1a\u4fee\u6539\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\u524d\u5148\u5907\u4efd\uff0c\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u4e07\u4e00\u5931\u8d25\u8fd8\u80fd\u6062\u590d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
          \u516d\u3001\u901f\u67e5\u8868\uff08Linux \u76ee\u5f55\u67b6\u6784\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
          \u76ee\u5f55<\/th>\u7528\u9014<\/th>\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u6e05\u7406<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
          \/etc<\/code><\/td>\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\u274c \u4e0d\u5efa\u8bae<\/td><\/tr>
          \/home<\/code><\/td>\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e<\/td>\u26a0\ufe0f \u6309\u7528\u6237\u6e05\u7406<\/td><\/tr>
          \/root<\/code><\/td>root \u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55<\/td>\u26a0\ufe0f \u8c28\u614e<\/td><\/tr>
          \/usr<\/code><\/td>\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/td>\u274c \u4e0d\u8981\u52a8<\/td><\/tr>
          \/var\/log<\/code><\/td>\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\u2705 \u53ef\u6e05\u7406\u65e7\u65e5\u5fd7<\/td><\/tr>
          \/var\/cache<\/code><\/td>\u7f13\u5b58<\/td>\u2705 \u53ef\u6e05\u7406<\/td><\/tr>
          \/var\/tmp<\/code><\/td>\u6301\u4e45\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\u2705 \u53ef\u6e05\u7406<\/td><\/tr>
          \/tmp<\/code><\/td>\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\u2705 \u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u52a8\u6e05\u7406<\/td><\/tr>
          \/opt<\/code><\/td>\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u8f6f\u4ef6<\/td>\u26a0\ufe0f \u5378\u8f7d\u8f6f\u4ef6\u65f6\u53ef\u5220<\/td><\/tr>
          \/boot<\/code><\/td>\u5185\u6838\u4e0e\u5f15\u5bfc<\/td>\u26a0\ufe0f \u53ea\u5220\u65e7\u5185\u6838<\/td><\/tr>
          \/dev<\/code><\/td>\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\u274c \u4e0d\u8981\u52a8<\/td><\/tr>
          \/proc<\/code>\u3001\/sys<\/code><\/td>\u5185\u6838\u4fe1\u606f<\/td>\u274c \u865a\u62df\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
          <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
          \u4e00\u3001Linux \u76ee\u5f55\u6811\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u90fd\u4ece\u6839\u76ee\u5f55 \/ \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5012\u6302\u7684\u6811\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\u3002 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":81,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[27,29,28],"class_list":["post-80","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mtsb","tag-linux","tag-29","tag-28"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bojinhu.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bojinhu.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bojinhu.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bojinhu.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bojinhu.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=80"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.bojinhu.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":82,"href":"https:\/\/www.bojinhu.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80\/revisions\/82"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bojinhu.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/81"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bojinhu.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=80"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bojinhu.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=80"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bojinhu.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=80"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}